are you sure the power supply is for the MX-15
if the MX-15 is making with 74HCxx or 74HCTxx chip the power is done
but if exist one or more 74LSxx chip the mini of power is 4,75v
The transformer has the Casio logo on it, but it looks like it had been fixed a number of times. Have to recheck once I'm back home.
considering the ferrite coil it is possible the power is "decoupage" model and increases the power voltage
at this time that would like to say which does not function any more
My quick test for MSX is to power it from PC AT power supply (+5V and GND is enough for test, no need for +/-12V). I just solder a molex connector for VCC and GND points somewhere on PCB (after all the native power supply cirquit). Usually stuff works fine, and I just have to find a defective power regulator, dry capacitor or dead transformer.
I attached a 5V universal plug to it. The result is still the same: The screen flashes for a second, no beep whatsoever. I can now measure 5V on all of the ICs.